-Purpose.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) issued by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), solicits grant applications proposing studies that elucidate the natural molecular and cellular adaptations of mammalian species to extreme

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environmental conditions that would rapidly evoke life-threatening cardiovascular or respiratory responses in other species, including humans.

Extreme environmental conditions may include food scarcity, limited access to oxygen, or temperature extremes.

The overall objective of the funding opportunity is to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions to treat and prevent heart, blood, and lung diseases and sleep disorders.

This FOA will not support the examination of animal models that simply mimic the progression of human cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Rather support is for elucidation of mechanisms evolved in mammalian species that survive and thrive in extreme environmental conditions.

-Mechanism of Support.

This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism.

-Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards.

Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary.

The total amount awarded and the number of awards will depend upon the mechanism numbers, quality, duration, and costs of the applications received.

There are no set aside specific dollars for this funding opportunity, and the amount of each award will be limited to $250,000 in direct costs for up to four years.